91����

Could a Cup of Joe a Day Keep the Doctor and Death Away?

Coffee is one of the world’s most widely consumed beverages. About 75 percent of Americans drink coffee; half of them on a daily basis.

---

Coffee is one of the world’s most widely consumed beverages. About 75 percent of Americans drink coffee; half of them on a daily basis. Prior research has shown that in 500,000 individuals living in 10 different European nations, when compared with non-coffee drinkers, those in the highest quartile of coffee consumption had statistically significant lower mortality from all causes. Reports have even shown that people who drink between three and six cups of coffee a day have lower risks of death compared to those who only consume one cup of Joe a day.

So what is it about the link between drinking coffee and living longer? Could it be the 200 plus organic compounds in the coffee bean itself and its proven benefits of reducing inflammation and regulating glucose levels? Or could it be something else?

In an editorial published in the , researchers from 91����’s provide a hypothesis that coffee drinkers engage in increased physical activity, which may account, at least in part, for their lower death rates.

For those with good to excellent health, there is an even stronger link between coffee drinking and decreased mortality. Decaffeinated coffee seems to have the same benefits and the authors theorize that these coffee drinkers tend to exercise more and eat healthier diets. Therefore, the researchers speculate that increased levels of energy expenditure, and maybe not the coffee itself, is the key common feature linked with reduced death in regular drinkers of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee.  

After all, there is plenty of evidence that shows increased regular energy expenditure such as regular physical activity plays a major role in reducing death. Specifically, even individuals who walk briskly for 20 minutes a day, which burns about 700 calories a week, have a 30 to 40 percent reduction in the risk of heart disease. Furthermore, burning between 3,000 and 3,500 calories a week is associated with reduced risks of death from cardiovascular disease as well as total mortality.

“In moderation, drinking coffee seems to increase our ability to perform strenuous exercise for longer periods of time,” said , Ph.D., lead author and a professor of in 91����’s College of Medicine who is internationally known for his research on human muscle fatigue and physical performance in health and disease. “Drinking coffee also reduces our perception of effort, discomfort and pain while we exercise.”

Lewis and co-author , M.D., Dr.P.H., the first Sir Richard Doll Professor and senior academic advisor to the dean in 91����’s College of Medicine, believe that coffee’s ability to raise a person’s resting metabolic rate by 5 to 7 percent may help to offset the effects of slower metabolism, decline in energy and weight gain as we age.

On average, individuals gain about one pound per year between the ages of 25 to 55. This amounts from anywhere from 10 to 50 calories in a single bite depending on what is being consumed. Lewis and Hennekens note that the small increase in metabolic rate from drinking coffee could counteract these extra bites of food and also help with the “battle of the bulge,” which is associated with heart disease, type 2 diabetes and increased mortality.  

“About 36 percent of American adults do not engage in any leisure-time physical activity, despite the fact that walking may be comparable to more vigorous exercise in preventing a cardiovascular event,” said Hennekens, who is internationally renowned for his major contributions in reducing disability and death from cardiovascular disease. He has performed several landmark studies demonstrating that people who engage in regular physical activity at a level that can be continued even among much older adults, have lowered risks of heart attacks and strokes. He also has demonstrated that after a heart attack those who participate in rehabilitation have lowered risks of recurrent events. “Unfortunately, less than 15 percent actually participate in cardiac rehabilitation after they are discharged.” 

On a global scale, the World Health Organization estimates that about 31 percent of adults are insufficiently active and about 3.2 million deaths occur each year because of this inactivity. In the U.S.,  physical inactivity is a major public health concern accounting for about 22 percent of heart disease, 22 percent of colon cancer, 18 percent of bone fractures, 12 percent of diabetes and high blood pressure, and about five percent of breast cancer cases. In addition, physical inactivity in the U.S. accounts for about 2.4 percent of health expenditures or about $24 billion a year. 

“Whether or not our theory about coffee holds true, people should be engaging in regular physical activity,” said Lewis.  

-91����-

Tags: faculty and staff | medicine | research | science